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    SEC Gets an “Earful” on Securities Lending and Short-selling Disclosure Proposals

    The Securities and Exchange Commission’s controversial securities lending disclosure proposal (Proposal) sought public input on 97 questions and received a substantial body of feedback during the initial 30-day comment period. Drawing sharp rebukes, most responses from trade associations for lenders and borrowers focused on the ambiguous scope of rule 10c-1, the feasibility of the proposed 15-minute reporting regime, lopsided cost and technology burdens, and the risks of reverse engineering posed by the public disclosure provisions.

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    Disclosure and Beyond: Restructuring the U.S. Equity Markets

    On Friday, February 25, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) proposed its latest round of GameStop rule proposals. In addition to enhanced public disclosures of short sales by institutional investors, the Commission announced a 30-day extension of the comment period on its sweeping securities lending disclosure proposal, Rule 10c-1, and technical amendments to the “consolidated audit tape” regulations.

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    T+1: The Future is Now (or at least as early as 2024)

    While real-time settlement is still something that may happen far in the future, perhaps on the Starship Enterprise, T+1 is now imminent. On February 9, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission proposed to make T+1 a reality. The proposal aimed at reducing risks in clearance and settlement seeks comment on shortening the current T+2 standard settlement cycle for most broker-dealer transactions by one day to T+1.

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    How Would Cross-Border Payments Change in a Digital Currency World?

    Widespread adoption of central bank digital currencies (CBDC) could revolutionize cross-border payments by reducing friction and making it possible for T+1 or even T+0 settlement of cross-border trades. The Fed’s Digital Currency discussion paper is the central bank’s first step in a public discussion with stakeholders about a digital dollar, as we described in our January 25 post. But what would such a cross-border payment system look like? Is it enough to mimic the traditional systems of SWIFT, DTCC, and others? Or does the unprecedented interoperability and technology of CBDCs force obsolesce on the current systems?

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    The Fed Weighs in on a ‘Digital Dollar’

    A discussion paper published on January 20th invites the public to explore with the U.S. Federal Reserve Board the creation of a digital version of the U.S. dollar. A Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) backed by the Federal Reserve would be designed, according to the Fed’s paper, to compete with cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Comments are due by May 20, 2022.

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    Lenders and Borrowers Sound off on the SEC’s Disclosure Proposal

    The Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) securities lending disclosure proposal has drawn sharp rebuke from both securities lenders and borrowers. Lending principals criticized the proposal on everything from cost, lack of clarity, and overbroad scope to the rule’s general inequity. They also warned of a host of potential unintended consequences that could work against the very transparency the rule proposal was intended to foster. Some of the highlights are summarized below.

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    Balancing the Risks of Loan Disclosures for Traders

    “The best trader I ever knew was broken when he took over a dying friend’s book. Everyone knew the book and turned on him.” Born in 1899, Henry Goldberg was the oldest trader on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange when I interviewed him in 1985. He answered my questions about trading expertise during an NYSE-sanctioned survey to find possible use cases for artificial intelligence.

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    FIRST DO NO HARM

    If the Securities and Exchange Commission approves the many industry requests for delay of its proposed 10c-1 reporting rule for securities loans, leaders in the Global Association of Securities Lending Associations (GASLA) should move quickly to create a more efficient and lower cost disclosure regime. Congress will not allow the SEC to ignore recent academic charges of rampant cross-border tax evasion and negligent proxy voting by index funds. Collective action is required to craft a disclosure system that improves on the SEC’s proposal.

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    Beneficial Owners: “Most at risk, yet least served” by Disclosures

    Comments to SEC on Proposed 10c-1 Reporting by Securities Lenders Excerpts from CSFME comment letter on proposed SEC Rule 10c-1, submitted 15 December 2021 “The Honorable Gary Gensler, Chairman, U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: “With regard to the above-cited 10c-1 disclosure system, my colleagues and I consider inclusion in the rule proposal of an optional […]

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    “Wisely and Slow; They Stumble that Run Fast.”

    The SEC has proposed a radical and potentially very costly reporting regime for securities finance transactions to increase transparency “to brokers, dealers, and investors.” Notably, the rule release’s extensive economic analysis section includes some potential alternatives to the proposed new reporting structure. While there is no requirement for the Commission to discuss or examine the economic effects of regulatory alternatives, in this case, they have presumably listed these particular options to focus potential commenters on specific ideas they want explored.

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    Selling Transparency: A Bean Counter’s Blog

    A new disclosure data model has just been proposed by the SEC for U.S. securities lenders. Adoption of the model, called 10c-1 after the revised regulation, would be “one of the most drastic adjustments in the history of the securities lending industry,” writes Sidley Austin, a leading Wall Street law firm and advisor to broker-dealers. Previously, we have explained the proposal and intended benefits. Now we begin to analyze the proposed 10c-1 disclosure system’s value proposition. Will disclosure help more than it will cost to create and manage the network that supports the new disclosure system?

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    Who Bears the Cost of the SEC’s Securities Lending Disclosure Proposal?

    The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) recently proposed a new reporting regime to increase transparency and efficiency in the securities-lending market. The SEC seeks to accomplish this by requiring anyone who loans a security on behalf of himself or another person to report material terms of those loans (and related information regarding the securities on loan) to a registered national securities association (RNSA), namely the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA).

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    U.S. Stock Loan “Ticker”: A Gift to Beneficial Owners?

    Make no mistake. The new 10c-1 disclosure proposal by the SEC is an Investor Protection Rule on steroids. It is also a profound escalation of regulatory support for Investor Self-Protection. Nothing less than a near real-time, stock loan ticker will result if enacted, revealing U.S. loan rates and liquidity to the investing public for the first time in history.

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    New Trends in Data Ownership

    Certain challenges in securities finance can only be met with better data and newer data models. Market regulators now coping with investor demands for ESG-compliance will have to monitor the disclosures of regulated entities by combing through vast pools of stock loan and proxy voting data. Bank custodians and brokers, if tasked with validating the social propriety of their stock loans, will have to dive deep into customer profile data, deeper than either regulators or vendors can today access efficiently.

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    Assembling the Market Posse

    We’ve all been there, having drinks after work with an important client visiting from overseas. My most memorable time was at the very beginning of my career on Wall Street. The client was a trader from the South African branch of Jos. Sebag & Co., a London firm more than 100 years old when he and I met in 1975 at the upscale bar, Michael II. The firm and the restaurant have long since vanished, but at the time Sebag was the most active account for First National City Bank’s (FNCB) American Depositary Receipt (ADR) business. The firm was far more active than Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, or any other cross-border trading outfit. Most of the trades were for the issuance of ADRs in South African mining stocks, such as Anglo-American Gold.

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    DOL to Reverse Rules “Chilling” ESG Investing and Proxy Voting

    The U.S. Labor Department (DOL) has proposed regulations that would greatly expand how retirement and pension plans can invest in ESG strategies and clarify the scope of ERISA plans’ responsibility for proxy voting. If adopted, the DOL’s proposal, drafted by the Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA), will reverse the former administration’s regulations on ESG factors in retirement portfolios and ERISA fiduciaries’ use of proxy voting powers in favor of social or political goals.

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    SEC Expands Investment Company Proxy Disclosures

    The Securities and Exchange Commission issued a proposal to expand investment company disclosures of their proxy voting activities. If adopted, the rules would enhance the information mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and other regulated investment companies are required to report on Form N-PX under the Investment Company Act. These expanded disclosures are intended to make proxy voting decisions made by investment company advisers more complete, accessible, and understandable to investors.

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    Reddit Trading and Resilience in U.S. Equity Finance Part 4

    Paris, September 24, 2021 – The next shoe has fallen in reaction to the January 2021 GameStop short squeeze, by which certain online brokers interpreted clearinghouse rules to necessitate the suspension of their retail customers’ ability to buy “meme stocks”. Today, the European Securities Markets Authority (ESMA), citing SEC and EU data for January 2021 on suspiciously high levels of failed meme stock settlements, asked for public comment on rule changes to avoid future short squeezes in the EU. This ESMA consultation on systemic risk management will surely propel industry leaders to advance their previously-announced plans for a block-chained securities market infrastructure to add even more robust operating and disclosure protocols.

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    Germany Throws the Book at Tax Criminals

    German courts and regulators have put securities lenders on notice that cross-border withholding tax (WHT) reclaim “schemes” are now “crimes.” Recent developments in Germany have cleared the way for sweeping tax audits and potential criminal prosecutions of borrowers and lenders reaching back 25 years. The so-called “cum-ex” trades have been a focus of European regulators, particularly in Germany and Denmark, whose treasuries have been hit hardest by these trades. Lenders are being advised that there is new potential for legal and criminal jeopardy attached to cum-ex securities lending transactions and that principals and their service providers should be ready for heightened scrutiny.

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